Dynamics of Social Stratification and Vertical Mobility in the Transformation of Contemporary Indonesian Urban Society

Abstract

This study examines the dynamics of social stratification and vertical mobility within the context of contemporary urban Indonesian society transformation. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative survey data from 847 respondents across three major Indonesian cities (Jakarta, Surabaya, and Makassar) with qualitative in-depth interviews of 45 individuals representing various socioeconomic backgrounds, this research investigates how urbanization, educational expansion, and economic restructuring influence social class positioning and mobility patterns. The findings reveal a complex stratification system characterized by increasing polarization between upper-middle and lower classes, with a shrinking traditional middle class. Intergenerational mobility analysis demonstrates that while educational attainment remains the primary mechanism for upward mobility, structural barriers including geographic origin, family capital, and network access significantly constrain mobility opportunities for lower-class individuals. Furthermore, the study identifies emerging patterns of 'horizontal stratification' within class categories, particularly evident in the proliferation of informal sector workers with varying degrees of economic security and social recognition. These findings contribute to understanding social inequality dynamics in rapidly transforming Southeast Asian urban contexts and highlight the need for comprehensive social policies addressing structural mobility barriers.

Keywords: Social stratification, vertical mobility, urban transformation, inequality, Indonesia